Scientists Study Sea Creature Which Makes a Home of Body Fluid
2020-06-08
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1Some very small, deep sea creatures are known as the master builders of the sea.
2They can build complex homes that provide protection and capture food.
3These structures are made from a fluid that comes out of their heads.
4When the structures get used up, the creatures - called giant larvaceans - build a new one.
5Usually this takes place every day.
6Some people call these homes "snot palaces" because they are like big houses made of mucus, a fluid produced by living tissue for protection.
7Some people think studying larvaceans' homes could help the building industry if scientists can understand how they make them.
8One of those people is Kakani Katija, a bioengineer at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California.
9Her team released its findings on the so-called "snot houses" in Nature magazine recently.
10The creatures inside these houses are small - the biggest ones are around 10 centimeters, but they are important to the environment.
11They live in oceans around the world.
12Katija and other scientists said they are the closest relatives to human beings without a backbone.
13"They are like an alien life form, made almost entirely out of water, yet crafted with complexity and purpose," noted marine biologist Boris Worm of Dalhousie University.
14He was not part of the study.
15Worm said the creatures help the ocean environment also.
16When their homes are used up, the creatures drop millions of tons of carbon to the seafloor.
17It stays there preventing global warming, he said.
18Larvaceans take microplastics out of the water and put it on the sea floor.
19In addition, the waste in their homes is eaten by creatures living at the bottom of the ocean.
20What they build interests and remains a mystery to scientists.
21Because the mucus houses are so fine and easily broken, researchers are unable to take them to a laboratory for study.
22So, Katija and her team used a robot submarine, cameras, and lasers to watch the creatures in waters 200 to 400 meters deep near California's Monterey Bay.
23These mucus structures are not simple.
24They include two heart-like areas that capture food.
25The mucus houses often are nearly clear and completely cover the larvaceans.
26And the houses are 10 times bigger than the creatures themselves - reaching more than one meter in size.
27It would be the same as a person making a five-story house, Katija noted.
28Water can flow through the structure so that, when it comes through the water, the larvacean stays hidden from fish that might eat it.
29Katija said NASA engineers looking to build structures on the moon would probably like to learn about the larvaceans.
30Katija's team used a laser to study the structure of the inside of the mucus houses.
31Then, the researchers recreated it with computer software to model the inner workings of the structure.
32But she said the scientists are still far from understanding everything going on.
33Biologist Jack Carroll of Providence College in Rode Island was not part of the study, but had good things to say about it. He said Katija's team did useful work.
34"We have a lot to learn," Carroll said.
35 "I'm in awe of these animals."
36I'm Mario Ritter Jr.
1Some very small, deep sea creatures are known as the master builders of the sea. They can build complex homes that provide protection and capture food. These structures are made from a fluid that comes out of their heads. 2When the structures get used up, the creatures - called giant larvaceans - build a new one. Usually this takes place every day. 3Some people call these homes "snot palaces" because they are like big houses made of mucus, a fluid produced by living tissue for protection. 4Some people think studying larvaceans' homes could help the building industry if scientists can understand how they make them. One of those people is Kakani Katija, a bioengineer at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California. 5Her team released its findings on the so-called "snot houses" in Nature magazine recently. 6The creatures inside these houses are small - the biggest ones are around 10 centimeters, but they are important to the environment. They live in oceans around the world. Katija and other scientists said they are the closest relatives to human beings without a backbone. 7"They are like an alien life form, made almost entirely out of water, yet crafted with complexity and purpose," noted marine biologist Boris Worm of Dalhousie University. He was not part of the study. 8Worm said the creatures help the ocean environment also. When their homes are used up, the creatures drop millions of tons of carbon to the seafloor. It stays there preventing global warming, he said. 9Larvaceans take microplastics out of the water and put it on the sea floor. In addition, the waste in their homes is eaten by creatures living at the bottom of the ocean. 10What they build interests and remains a mystery to scientists. Because the mucus houses are so fine and easily broken, researchers are unable to take them to a laboratory for study. So, Katija and her team used a robot submarine, cameras, and lasers to watch the creatures in waters 200 to 400 meters deep near California's Monterey Bay. 11These mucus structures are not simple. They include two heart-like areas that capture food. The mucus houses often are nearly clear and completely cover the larvaceans. 12And the houses are 10 times bigger than the creatures themselves - reaching more than one meter in size. It would be the same as a person making a five-story house, Katija noted. 13Water can flow through the structure so that, when it comes through the water, the larvacean stays hidden from fish that might eat it. 14Katija said NASA engineers looking to build structures on the moon would probably like to learn about the larvaceans. 15Katija's team used a laser to study the structure of the inside of the mucus houses. 16Then, the researchers recreated it with computer software to model the inner workings of the structure. But she said the scientists are still far from understanding everything going on. 17Biologist Jack Carroll of Providence College in Rode Island was not part of the study, but had good things to say about it. He said Katija's team did useful work. 18"We have a lot to learn," Carroll said. "I'm in awe of these animals." 19I'm Mario Ritter Jr. 20Beth Borenstein wrote this story for the Associated Press. Mario Ritter Jr. adapted it for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor. 21_______________________________________________________________ 22Words in This Story 23master - adj. having or showing great skill 24snot - n. fluid that comes from the nose and other tissue 25alien - adj. foreign 26crafted - adj. something made with care, requiring a special skill 27global - adj. related to the whole world 28NASA - n. short for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the U.S. space agency 29awe - n. a strong feeling of wonder